Dur-Scharrukin, of hedendaags Khorsabad in Noord-Irak, was de Assyrische hoofdstad ten tijde van Sargon II. Het was een stad in het vierkant gebouwd, met massieve muren van 24 meter dik omringd en haar oppervlakte was ongeveer 280 hectaren groot. Zeven poorten gaven toegang tot Sargonsburg. In de 19de eeuw haalden Franse archeologen de hoofdstad van Sargon van onder het zand te voorschijn. In de 20ste eeuw, van 1928 tot 1935, hervatten Amerikaanse archeologen het werk en hun spaden brachten nog heel wat kunstvoorwerpen te voorschijn. Belangrijk voor deze studie is het vinden van een Assyrische koningslijst, een lijst die vertaald werd en in 1942 gepubliceerd. Het is een lijst van 107 namen met vermelding van het aantal regeringsjaren van iedere koning. De orthodoxie rangschikte de gegevens van de Assyrische koningslijst, de zogenaamde Khorsabadlijst met als ankerpunt op de tijdslijn, de zoneclips over Nineveh in 763 v. Chr. waar volgens hen in het eponiem van Bur Sagale, het tiende regeringsjaar van Assur Dan III naar verwezen wordt. Het resultaat is een constructie die haaks op de chronologische gegevens van de Bijbel staat. De Bijbelonderzoeker Edwin Thiele verkorte de chronologische gegevens van de Israëlitische koningslijst met ongeveer veertig jaar opdat de Bijbelse koningslijsten zouden passen met de Assyrische gegevens. Zijn gefabriceerde jaartallen vind men tegenwoordig in de meeste Bijbelse naslagwerken terug. De Assyrische vondsten worden betrouwbaarder geacht dan de Bijbelse! Grof was Thiele’s statement dat de Bijbelgedeelten 2 Koningen 17 en 18, die onverzoenbaar zijn met de Assyrische gegevens, door hem als artificieel en later toegevoegd aan de Bijbel bevonden werden. Ik citeer Thiele hierna: “Thus it is only when the synchronisms of 2 Kings 17 and 18 are seen as late and artificial that the true picture of Hebrew history of this important time can be reconstructed.”
Dat dit niet mijn uitgangspunt is moet duidelijk zijn. De bedoeling van deze website is o.a. om een en ander recht te zetten. De val van Samaria is niet in 722 v. Chr. te plaatsen omdat dit met de leugens van de Assyriër Sargon II past, maar in 717 v. Chr. wanneer we ons aan de Bijbelse chronologie willen houden.
2 Koningen 18:9 In het vierde jaar van koning Hizkia – dat is het zevende jaar van Hosea, de zoon van Ela, de koning van Israël – trok Salmanassar, de koning van Assur, op tegen Samaria en sloeg het beleg ervoor. 10 Men nam het in na verloop van drie jaren; in het zesde jaar van Hizkia – dat is het negende jaar van Hosea, de koning van Israël – werd Samaria ingenomen. 11 De koning van Assur voerde Israël in ballingschap naar Assur en bracht hen naar Chalach, Chabor, de rivier van Gozan en de steden der Meden, 12 omdat zij niet hadden geluisterd naar de HERE, hun God, maar zijn verbond hadden overtreden: al wat Hij aan Mozes, de knecht des HEREN, had geboden; zij hadden er niet naar geluisterd en het niet gedaan. 13 In het veertiende jaar van koning Hizkia trok Sanherib, de koning van Assur, op tegen alle versterkte steden van Juda en bezette ze.
Het tiende jaar van de Assyriër Assur Dan III zag wel degelijk een kosmisch fenomeen. Het was echter geen gewone zoneclips als gevolg van de maan maar als het gevolg van een interactie met de planeet Mars, door de Assyriërs Nergal genoemd, hun oorlogsgod. De Assyrische annalen zeggen alleen dat de zon verduisterd werd en dat dit samenviel met pestilentiën. Dit alles wijst op Velikovskyaanse kosmische catastrofes die vooral tijdens de achtste en negende eeuw voor Christus op aarde hun effect hadden.
Men kan geen accurate zoneclipsen berekenen voorbij het Bijbelse catastrofejaar van 709 voor Christus. De Bijbel is door middel van de profeet Jesaja zeer duidelijk betreffende dit jaartal en het kosmische fenomeen dat toen plaats had.
Jesaja 30:5 ‘Ga naar Hizkia toe en zeg tegen hem: “Dit zegt de HEER, de God van je voorvader David: Ik heb je gebed gehoord en je tranen gezien. Welnu, ik geef je nog vijftien jaar te leven, 6 en ik zal jou en deze stad redden uit de handen van de koning van Assyrië. Ik zal deze stad beschermen.”’ 7 Jesaja zei: ‘De HEER geeft u het volgende teken dat hij zijn belofte zal nakomen: 8 ik laat de schaduw op de zonnewijzer van Achaz tien graden achteruitgaan in plaats van vooruit.’ En de schaduw ging tien graden achteruit.
De planeet aarde werd toen heel duidelijk in haar beweging om de zon gestoord. Een wetenschappelijk feit dat voor het eerst door de Amerikaanse onderzoekers Donald W. Patten, Ronald R. Hatch en Loren C. Steinhauer in hun werk The Long Day of Joshua and Six Other Catastrophes in 1973 behandeld werd. In hoofdstuk IV ‘The Isaiahic Catastrophe and Science’ wordt een en ander uitgediept.
Het jaar 709 v. Chr. is het ankerjaar van een kalenderwijziging die in de oudheid toen doorgevoerd werd. De ganse oude wereld ging toen van een jaar van 360 dagen naar een jaar van 365,25 dagen. Conventionele astronomische berekeningen die met dit fenomeen geen rekening houden verkrijgen foutieve jaartallen wanneer men voorbij 709 v. Chr. in de tijd berekeningen uitvoert. Zoals bijvoorbeeld de zonsverduistering van 15 juni 763 v. Chr. over Nineveh die nu eerder rond 761 v. Chr. plaatsgevonden heeft wanneer we vanaf 14 maart 709 v. Chr. terug in de tijd met jaren van 360 dagen rekenen.
Donald W. Patten en zijn medewerkers volgden de gefabriceerde chronologie van Edwin Thiele en hanteerden het jaar 701 v. Chr. als 14de regeringsjaar van koning Hizkia van Juda. Thiele paste de Bijbelse gegevens aan de Assyrische aan en niet andersom. Deze vaststelling doet niet af aan het werk dat Patten en medewerkers, op het gebied van kosmologie en de catastrofetheorie geleverd hebben.
Zie link: http://www.creationism.org/patten/PattenMars EarthWars/index.htm
Elders op deze website wordt aangetoond dat planeet aarde in de negende en achtste eeuw voor Christus door een serie kosmische rampen getroffen werd en dit in een cyclus van ongeveer dertien jaar. Deze rampen werden door kroniekschrijvers van de oudheid genoteerd en kunnen op de tijdsbalk geduid worden. Het zijn deze rampjaren die als sleuteljaar dienen om de Assyrische koningslijst op de tijdsbalk te herschikken en dit in verankering met de Bijbelse koningslijst. Naast specifieke rampjaren zijn er ook enkele Bijbelse sabbat- en jubeljaren die als verankeringpunten gebruikt worden.
Betreffende de sabbat en jubeljaren zie link:
De val van Nineveh in 612 v.Chr. is bijvoorbeeld met een jubeljaar verbonden. Opmerkelijk is het Bijbelgedeelte waar door Nahum waar het volgende geschreven is:
“Zie, op de bergen de voeten van de vreugdebode die heil verkondigt. Vier, o Juda, uw feesten, betaal uw geloften! Want voortaan zal de snoodaard niet meer door u heentrekken, hij is geheel en al uitgeroeid.” Nahum 1:15
‘Vier uw feesten’ is de opdracht die de profeet aan het volk van Juda doorgeeft. Opmerkelijk is het om volgens mijn revisie vast te stellen dat de val van Nineveh in 612 v. Chr. in het zesde jaar van een 7 x 7 sabbatsjaarcyclus gebeurde. Dus het jaar van dubbele zegen voorafgaand aan een sabbatsjaar en ditmaal gevolgd door een jubeljaar. Een jubeljaar dat vermoedelijk ten tijde van de regering van koning Josia gehouden is geworden. Van Josia staat er geschreven dat er voor hem geen koning geweest is die zich zo tot de HERE keerde met zijn ganse hart, zijn ganse ziel en zijn ganse kracht, naar de gehele wet van Mozes; en na hem stond zijns gelijke niet op.
Een ander sabbat en jubeljaar als ankerjaar was het veertiende regeringsjaar van koning Hizkia van Juda in 709 voor Christus waar het derde regeringsjaar van de Assyriër Sanherib mee verbonden wordt. De constructie van Thiele wordt hiermee verworpen. De conventionele datering van de slag bij Karkar eveneens. De gangbare geschiedschrijving komt op 853 v. Chr. uit door vanaf de zonsverduistering van juni 763 v. Chr., hun ankerpunt, negentig jaar of negentig namen terug te tellen en dit op basis van de zogenaamde Eponiemenlijsten. De slag bij Karkar is voor de orthodoxie een belangrijke sleutel voor de parallellie van de Assyrische koningslijsten met die van Israël. De koning van Assur streed daar tegen een coalitie van Klein-Aziatische vorsten. De Bijbel zelf geeft betreffende deze veldslag geen commentaar. Salmaneser heeft een stele nagelaten met een opsomming van alle koningen waartegen hij gestreden heeft en op deze lijst komen Israël en Achab voor. Daarna geven Salmaneser’s annalen te kennen dat hij in zijn 18de jaar schatting ontving van Jehu van Israël. Van deze gebeurtenis is een Assyrische overwinningsobelisk bewaard. Deze zwarte obelisk bevindt zich in het British Museum te Londen en toont Jehu die letterlijk op zijn knieën en gezicht voor Salmaneser III ligt. Jehu wordt door de Assyriërs beschreven als Jehu van het huis of dynastie van Omri. Het betalen van schatting wordt vermeld gezamenlijk met het aantreden van een delegatie uit Tyrus en Sidon. Dat Jehu van het huis Omri in één lijn vermeld wordt met Tyrus en Sidon kan niet anders betekenen dan dat zij allen op dat moment nog geallieerden in hun strijd tegen Aram waren.
Het kan dus chronologisch niet anders zijn dan dat Jehu voor Salmaneser verscheen als generaal van het leger van Joram, de kleinzoon van Omri, en het een nog hele tijd was vooraleer Jehu de dynastie van Achab en diens Fenicische vrouw Izebel vermoordde. Dus ook hier wordt de constructie van Thiele als te licht bevonden.
HET CATASTROFEJAAR 860 v. Chr.
De juiste verankering van de regeringsjaren van Salmaneser III in relatie tot de koningen van het tienstammenrijk kan tot stand komen via een catastrofejaar. Het jaar 860 v. Chr. was zulk een kosmisch catastrofejaar en navigatiepunt. Tot die bevinding kom ik door de betreffende chronologische gegevens van Flavius Josephus te verankeren met mijn revisie van de koningen van Israël en Juda. Josephus schrijft (Against Apion Book. I,17) dat er een tijdsduur van 143 jaar en 8 maanden zit tussen het vierde regeringsjaar van Salomo en het begin van de bouw van de tempel, gelijk aan het twaalfde jaar van de Feniciër Hiram. Het zevende regeringsjaar van de Fenicische koning Pygmalion zag 143 en 8 maanden later de bouw van Carthago in 860 v. Chr. . Het vierde regeringsjaar van Salomo was een sabbatjaar gevolgd door een jubeljaar, volgens de berekening van William Whiston. Deze constructie levert het jaar 860 v. Chr. op als ankerjaar voor de catastrofe die de oude wereld toen trof. Nu het jaar 860 v. Chr. als een bijzonder catastrofejaar geduid werd kunnen we dit jaar als een navigatiepunt in de tijd terug gebruiken.
LINK NAAR AFBEELDING SCHEMA 24
Dit jaar is een breuklijn in de Assyrische koningslijst en betekende het einde van de regering van Salmaneser III en zag het kroningsjaar van Shamsi Adad V. Wanneer we de eponiemgegevens betreffende de regeringstijd van Salmaneser aan het ankerjaar 860 koppelen verkrijgen we de juiste verankeringjaren met de regeringsjaren van Achab en Jehu van het tienstammenrijk. Het achttiende jaar van Salmaneser wordt nu 877/876 v. Chr. wanneer Jehu zich aan de voeten van Salmaneser III neerwierp en schatting betaalde. En het zesde jaar van Salmaneser met de slag bij Karkar wordt nu 889/888 v. Chr. wat gelijk loopt met het eenentwintigste regeringsjaar van Achab.
Hierna volgen de betreffende eponiemvermeldingen voor Salmaneser’s regeringsperiode. De lijst vangt telkens aan met links tussen haken de conventionele jaartallen met daarnaast in vette letters de Nieuwe Chronologie jaartallen. Ik heb ook iedere keer na het eponiemcommentaar de verwijzing naar Salmaneser’s activiteiten volgens de zwarte obelisk vermeld:
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[857/856] 895/894 During the eponymy of Šalmaneser, the king of Assyria, campaign against [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: [22] At the beginning of my reign, when on the throne [23] of royalty mightily I had seated myself, the chariots [24] of my host I collected. Into the lowlands of the country of 'Sime'si [25] I descended. The city of Aridu, the strong city[26] of Ninni, I took.
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[856/855] 894/893 During the eponymy of Aššur-bêla-ka'in, the commander in chief, campaign against [...]
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my first year [27] the Euphrates in its flood I crossed. To the sea of the setting sun[28] I went. My weapons on the sea I rested. Victims [29] for my gods I took. To mount Amanus I went up. [30] Logs of cedar-wood and pine-wood I cut. To [31] the country of Lallar I ascended. An image of my Royalty in the midst (of it) I erected. .
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[855/854] 893/892 During the eponymy of Aššur-bunaya-usur, the chief buttler, campaign against [...]
Salmaneser Obelisk: [32] In my second year to the city of Tel-Barsip I approached. The cities [33] of Akhuni the son of Adin I captured. In his city I shut him up. The Euphrates [34] in its flood I crossed. The city of Dabigu, a choice city of the Hittites [35] together with the cities which (were) dependent upon it I captured.
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[854/853] 892/891 During the eponymy of Abi-ina-ekalli-lilbur, the palace herald [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my third year Akhuni [36] the son of Adin, from the face of my mighty weapons fled, and the city of Tel-Barsip,
Face C
[37] his royal city, he fortified. The Euphrates I crossed. [38] The city unto Assyria I restored. I took it. (The town) which (is) on the further side [39] of the Euphrates which (is) upon the river 'Sagurri, which the Kings [40] of the Hittites call the city of Pitru, [41] for myself I took. At my return [42] into the lowlands of the country of Alzi I descended. The country of Alzi I conquered. [43] The countries of Dayaeni (and) Elam, (and) the city of Arzascunu, the royal city [44] of Arame of the country of the Armenians, the country of Gozan (and) the country of Khupuscia.
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[853/852] 891/890 During the eponymy of Dayan-Aššur, the commander in chief, [...]
Salmaneser Obelisk: During the eponymy of Dayan-Assur from the city of Nineveh I departed. The Euphrates [46] in its upper part I crossed. After Akhuni the son of Adin I went. [47] The heights on the banks of the Euphrates as his stronghold he made. [48] The mountains I attacked, I captured. Akhuni with his gods, his chariots, [49] his horses, his sons (and) his daughters I carried away. To my city Assur [50] I brought (them). In that same year the country of Kullar I crossed. To the country of Zamua [51] of Bit-Ani I went down. The cities of Nigdiara of the city of the Idians [52] (and) Nigdima I captured.
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[852/851] 890/889 During the eponymy of Šamaš-abua, governor of Nisibis, [...]
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my fifth year to the country of Kasyari I ascended. [53] The strongholds I captured. Elkhitti of the Serurians (in) his city I shut up. His tribute[54] to a large amount I received..
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[851/850] 889/888 During the eponymy of Šamaš-bêla-usur, governor of Kalhu, [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my sixth year to the cities on the banks of the river Balikhi
Face D
[55] I approached. Gi'ammu, their Governor, I smote. [56] To the city of Tel-abil-akhi I descended. [57] The Euphrates in its upper part I crossed. [58] The tribute of the Kings of the Hittites [59] all of them I received. In those days Rimmon-idri [60] of Damascus, Irkhulina of Hamath,. and the Kings [61] of the Hittites and of the sea-coasts to the forces of each other [62] trusted, and to make war and battle [63] against me came. By the command of Assur, the great Lord, my Lord, [64] with them I fought. A destruction of them I made. [65] Their chariots, their war-carriages, their war-material I took from them. [66] 20,500 of their fighting men with arrows I slew.
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[850/849] 888/887 During the eponymy of Bêl-bunaya, the palace herald, [...]
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my seventh year to the cities of Khabini of the city of Tel-Abni I went. [68] The City of Tel-Abni, his stronghold, together with the cities which (were) dependent on it I captured.[69] To the head of the river, the springs of the Tigris, the place where the waters rise, I went. [70] The weapons of Assur in the midst (of it) I rested. Sacrifices for my gods I took. Feasts and rejoicing [71] I made. An image of my Royalty of large size I constructed. The laws of Assur my Lord, the records [72] of my victories, whatsoever in the world I had done, in the midst of it I wrote. In the middle (of the country) I set (it) up.
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[849/848] 887/886 During the eponymy of Hadi-lipušu, governor of Na'iri, [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: 73] In my eighth year, Merodach-suma-iddin King of Gan-Dunias [74] did Merodach-bila-yu'sate his foster-brother against him rebel; [75] strongly had he fortified (the land). To exact punishment [76] against Merodach-suma-iddin I went. The city of the waters of the Dhurnat I took.
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[848/847] 886/885 During the eponymy of Nergal-alik-pani, governor of [...]
Salmaneser Obelisk: [77] In my ninth campaign a second time to the land of Accad I went. [78] The city of Gana-nate I besieged. Merodach-bila-yu'sate exceeding fear [79] of Assur (and) Merodach overwhelmed, and to save his life to [80] the mountains he ascended. After him I rode. Merodach-bila-yu'sate (and) the officers [81] the rebels who (were) with him (with) arrows I slew. To the great fortresses [82] I went. Sacrifices in Babylon, Borsippa, (and) Cuthah I made. [83] Thanksgivings to the great gods I offered up. To the country of Kaldu I descended. Their cities I captured. [84] The tribute of the Kings of the country of Kaldu I received. The greatness of my arms as far as the sea overwhelmed. .
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[847/846] 885/884 During the eponymy of Bur-ramman, governor of [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: [85] In my tenth year for the eighth time the Euphrates I crossed. The cities of 'Sangara of the city of the Carchemishians I captured. [86] To the cities of Arame I approached. Arne his royal city with 100 of his (other) towns I captured.
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[846/845] 884/883 During the eponymy of Inurta-mukin-niši, the palace herald, [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: [87] In my eleventh year for the ninth time the Euphrates I crossed. Cities to a countless number I captured. To the cities of the Hittites [88] of the land of the Hamathites I went down. Eighty-nine cities I took. Rimmon-idri of Damascus (and) twelve of the Kings of the Hittites [89] with one another's forces strengthened themselves. A destruction of them I made.
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[845/844] 883/882 During the eponymy of Inurta-nadin-šumi, governor of [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my twelfth campaign for the tenth time the Euphrates I crossed. [90] To the land of Pagar-khubuna I went. Their spoil I carried away.
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[844/843] 882/881 During the eponymy of Aššur-bunaya, governor of [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my thirteenth year to the country of Yaeti I ascended. [91] Their spoil I carried away.
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[843/842] 881/880 During the eponymy of Tab-Inurta, governor of [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my fourteenth year the country I assembled; the Euphrates I crossed. Twelve Kings against me had come. [92] I fought. A destruction of them I made.
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[842/841] 880/879 During the eponymy of Taklak-ana-šarri, governor of Nemed-Ištar, [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my fifteenth year among the sources of the Tigris (and) the Euphrates I went. An image [93] of my Majesty in their hollows I erected.
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[841/840] 879/878 During the eponymy of Addad-remannii, governor of Guzana, [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my sixteenth year the waters of the Zab I crossed. To the country of Zimri [94] I went. Merodach-mudammik King of the land of Zimru to save his life (the mountains) ascended. His treasure [95] his army (and) his gods to Assyria I brought. Yan'su son of Khanban to the kingdom over them I raised.
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[840/839] 878/877 During the eponymy of Šamaš-abua, governor of Rasappa, campaign against the cedar mountain.
Salmaneser Obelisk: [96] In my seventeenth year the Euphrates I crossed. To the land of Amanus I ascended. Logs [97] of cedar I cut.
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[839/838] 877/876 During the eponymy of Šulma-bêli-lamur, governor of Ahuzuhina, campaign against Qu'e [Cilicia].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my eighteenth year for the sixteenth time the Euphrates I crossed. Hazael [98] of Damascus to battle came. 1,221 of his chariots, 470 of his war-carriages with [99] his camp I took from him.
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[838/837] 876/875 During the eponymy of Inurta-kibsi-usur, governor of Rasappa, campaign against Malahi.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my nineteenth campaign for the eighteenth time the Euphrates I crossed. To the land of Amanus [100] I ascended. Logs of cedar I cut.
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[837/836] 875/874 During the eponymy of Inurta-ilaya, governor of Ahizuhina, campaign against Danabu.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 20th year for the 20th time the Euphrates [101] I crossed. To the land of Kahue I went down. Their cities I captured. Their spoil [102] I carried off.
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[836/835] 874/873 During the eponymy of Qurdi-Aššur, governor of Raqmat, campaign [...].
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 21st campaign, for the 21st time the Euphrates I crossed. To the cities [103] of Hazael of Damascus I went. Four of his fortresses I took. The tribute of the Tyrians, [104] the Zidonians (and) the Gebalites I received.
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[835/834] 873/872 During the eponymy of Šep-šarri, governor of Habruri, campaign against Milidu.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 22d campaign for the 22d time the Euphrates [105] I crossed. To the country of Tabalu I went down. In those days (as regards) the 24 [106] Kings of the country of Tabalu their wealth I received. To conquer [107] the mines of silver, of salt and of stone for sculpture I went.
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[834/833] 872/871 During the eponymy of Nergal-mudammiq, governor of Nineveh, campaign against Namri.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 23d year [108] the Euphrates I crossed. The city of Uetas, his strong city, [109] (which belonged) to Lalla of the land of the Milidians I captured. The Kings of the country of Tabalu [110] had set out. Their tribute I received.
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[833/832] 871/870 During the eponymy of Yahulu, the chamberlain, campaign against Qu'e.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 24th year, the lower Zab [111] I crossed. The land of Khalimmur I passed through. To the land of Zimru [112] I went down. Yan'su King of the Zimri from the face [113] of my mighty weapons fled and to save his life [114] ascended (the mountains). The cities of 'Sikhisatakh, Bit-Tamul, Bit-Sacci [115] (and) Bit-Sedi, his strong cities, I captured. His fighting men I slew. [116] His spoil I carried away. The cities I threw down, dug up, (and) with fire burned.[117] The rest of them to the mountains ascended. The peaks of the mountains [118] I attacked, I captured. Their fighting men I slew. Their spoil (and) their goods [119] I caused to be brought down. From the country of Zimru I departed. The tribute of 27 Kings [120] of the country of Par'sua I received. From the country of Par'sua I departed. To [121] the strongholds of the country of the Amadai, (and) the countries of Arazias (and) Kharkhar I went down. [122] The cities of Cua-cinda, Khazzanabi, Ermul, [123] (and) Cin-ablila with the cities which were dependent on them I captured. Their fighting men
Face C, base
[124] I slew. Their spoil I carried away. The cities I threw down, dug up (and) burned with fire. An image of my Majesty [125] in the country of Kharkhara I set up. Yan'su son of Khaban with his abundant treasures [126] his gods, his sons, his daughters, his soldiers in large numbers I carried off. To Assyria I brought (them).
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[832/831] 870/869 During the eponymy of Ululayu, governor of Kalizi, campaign against Qu'e.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 25th campaign [127] the Euphrates at its flood I crossed. The tribute of the Kings of the Hittites, all of them, I received. The country of Amanus [128] I traversed. To the cities of Cati of the country of the Kahuians I descended. The city of Timur, his strong city [129] I besieged, I captured. Their fighting men I slew. Its spoil I carried away. The cities to a countless number I threw down, dug up, [130] (and) burned with fire. On my return, the city of Muru, the strong city of Arame the son of Agu'si, [131] (as) a possession for myself I took. Its entrance-space I marked out. A palace, the seat of my Majesty, in the middle (of it) I founded.
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[831/830] 869/868 During the eponymy of Šarru-hatta-ipe, governor of [...], campaign agains Qu'e; [the god] Anu the Great left Der.
Salmaneser Obelisk: [132] In my 26th year for the seventh time the country of the Amanus I traversed. For the fourth time to the cities of Cati [133] of the country of the Kahuians I went. The city of Tanacun, the strong city of Tulca I approached. Exceeding fear [134] of Assur my Lord overwhelmed him and (when) he had come out my feet he took. His hostages I took. Silver, gold, [135] iron, oxen, (and) sheep, (as) his tribute I received. From the city of Tanacun I departed. To the country of Lamena [136] I went. The men collected themselves. An inaccessible mountain they occupied. The peak of the mountain I assailed, [137] I took. Their fighting men I slew. Their spoil, their oxen, their sheep, from the midst of the mountain I brought down. [138] Their cities I threw down, dug up (and) burned with fire. To the city of Khazzi I went. My feet they took. Silver (and) gold, [139] their tribute, I received. Cirri, the brother of Cati to the sovereignty over them [140] I set. On my return to the country of Amanus I ascended. Beams of cedar I cut, [141] I removed, to my city Assur I brought.
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[830/829] 868/867 During the eponymy of Nergal-ilaya, governor of Isana, campaign against Urartu.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 27th year the chariots of my armies I mustered. Dayan-Assur [142] the Tartan, the Commander of the wide-spreading army, at the head of my army to the country of Armenia I urged, [143] I sent. To Bit-Zamani he descended. Into the low ground to the city of Ammas he went down. The river Arzane he crossed. [144] 'Seduri of the country of the Armenians heard, and to the strength of his numerous host [145] he trusted; and to make conflict (and) battle against me he came. With him I fought. [146] A destruction of him I made. With the flower of his youth his broad fields I filled.
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[829/828] 867/866 During the eponymy of Hubaya, governor of [...]hi, campaign against Unqu.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 28th year [147] when in the city of Calah I was stopping news had been brought (me, that) men of the Patinians [148] Lubarni their Lord had slain (and) 'Surri (who was) not heir to the throne to the kingdom had raised. [149] Dayan-Assur the Tartan, the Commander of the widespreading army at the head of my host (and) my camp [150] I urged, I sent. The Euphrates in its flood he crossed. In the city of Cinalua his royal city [151] a slaughter he made. (As for) 'Surri the usurper, exceeding fear of Assur my Lord [152] overwhelmed him, and the death of his destiny he went. The men of the country of the Patinians from before the sight of my mighty weapons
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[153] fled, and the children of 'Surri together with the soldiers, the rebels, (whom) they had taken they delivered to me. [154] Those soldiers on stakes I fixed. 'Sa'situr of the country of Uzza my feet took. To the kingdom [155] over them I placed (him). Silver, gold, lead, bronze, iron, (and) the horns of wild bulls to a countless number I received. [156] An image of my Majesty of great size I made. In the city of Cinalua his royal city in the temple of his gods I set it up.
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[828/827] 866/865 During the eponymy of Ilu-mukin-ahi, governor of [...]ha, campaign against Ulluba.
Salmaneser Obelisk: [157] my 29th year (my) army (and) camp I urged, I sent. To the country of Cirkhi I ascended. Their cities I threw down, [158] dug up, (and) burned with fire. Their country like a thunderstorm I swept. Exceeding [159] fear over them I cast.
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[827/826] 865/864 During the eponymy of Šalmaneser, the king of Assyria, campaign against Mannea.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 30th year when in the city of Calah I was stopping, Dayan-Assur [160] the Tartan, the Commander of the wide-spreading army at the head of my army I urged, I sent. The river Zab [161] he crossed. To the midst of the cities of the city of Khupusca he approached. The tribute of Datana [162] of the city of the Khupuscians I received. From the midst of the cities of the Khupuscians [163] I departed. To the midst of the cities of Maggubbi of the country of the Madakhirians he approached. The tribute [164] I received. From the midst of the cities of the country of the Madakhirians he departed. To the midst of the cities of Udaci [165] of the country of the Mannians he approached. Udaci of the country of the Mannians from before the sight of my mighty weapons [166] fled, and the city of Zirta, his royal city, he abandoned. To save his life he ascended (the mountains). [167] After him I pursued. His oxen, his sheep, his spoil, to a countless amount I brought back. His cities [168] I threw down, dug up, (and) burned with fire. From the country of the Mannians he departed. To the cities of Sulu'sunu of the country of Kharru [169] he approached. The city of Mairsuru, his royal city, together with the cities which depended on it he captured. (To) Sulu'sunu [170] together with his sons mercy I granted. To his country I restored him. A payment (and) tribute of horses I imposed. [171] My yoke upon him I placed. To the city of Surdira he approached. The tribute of Arta-irri [172] of the city of the Surdirians I received. To the country of Par'sua I went down. The tribute of the Kings [173] of the country of Par'sua I received. (As for) the rest of the country of Par'sua which did not reverence Assur, its cities [174] I captured. Their spoil, their plunder to Assyria I brought.
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[826/825] 864/863 During the eponymy of Dayan-Aššur, the commander in chief, revolt.
Salmaneser Obelisk: In my 31st year, the second time, the cyclical-feast [175] of Assur and Rimmon I had inaugurated. At the time while I was stopping in the city of Calah, Dayan-Assur [176] the Tartan, the Commander of my wide-spreading army, at the head of my army (and) my camp I urged, I sent. [177] To the cities of Data of the country of Khupusca he approached. The tribute I received. [178] To the city of Zapparia, a stronghold of the country of Muzatsira, I went. The city of Zapparia together with [179] forty-six cities of the city of the Muzatsirians I captured. Up to the borders of the country of the Armenians [180] I went. Fifty of their cities I threw down, dug up (and) burned with fire. To the country of Guzani I went down. The tribute [181] of Upu of the country of the Guzanians, of the country of the Mannians, of the country of the Buririans, of the country of the Kharranians, [182] of the country of the Sasganians, of the country of the Andians, (and) of the country of the Kharkhanians, oxen, sheep, (and) horses [183] trained to the yoke I received. To the cities of the country of . . . I went down. The city of Perria [184] (and) the city of Sitivarya, its strongholds, together with 22 cities which depended upon it, I threw down, dug up [185] (and) burned with fire. Exceeding fear over them I cast. To the cities of the Parthians he went. [186] The cities of Bustu, Sala-khamanu (and) Cini-khamanu, fortified towns, together with 23 cities [187] which depended upon them I captured. Their fighting-men I slew. Their spoil I carried off. To the country of Zimri I went down. [188] Exceeding fear of Assur (and) Merodach overwhelmed them. Their cities they abandoned. To [189] inaccessible mountains they ascended. Two hundred and fifty of their cities I threw down, dug up (and) burned with fire.[190] Into the lowground of Sime'si at the head of the country of Khalman I went down.
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[825/824] 863/862 During the eponymy of Aššur-bunaya-usur, the great butler, revolt.
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[824/823] 862/861 During the eponymy of Yahalu, the commander in chief, revolt.
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[823/822] 861/860 During the eponymy of Bêl-bunaya, the palace herald, revolt.
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Thirty-five EPONYM years, Šalmaneser, king of Assyria.
OCTOBER 860 BC Mega catastrophe
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[822/821] 860/859 During the eponymy of Šamši-Adad [V], the king of Assyria, revolt.
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Dit artikel is met toestemming overgenomen van Robert de Telder. Voor het originele artikel zie de onderstaande link:
